Background: 

The query was initiated by the EMN National Contact Point (NCP) Luxembourg on 31 March 2025. Luxembourg's National Reception Office (ONA) is responsible for organising the reception of applicants for international protection and temporary protection, including managing accommodation facilities for BoTP. Due to a housing crisis in Luxembourg and the recent extension of the Temporary Protection Directive until 4 March 2026, ONA is facing increasing pressure to provide accommodation to BoTP and requires comparative information to introduce necessary policy changes. 

Respondents: 

23 EMN Members (including BE) provided public responses to this ad hoc query.  

Findings: 

A preliminary analysis of the ad hoc query results shows that: 

• Most EMN Member Countries provide a comprehensive array of support measures to BoTP, including accommodation, financial aid, access to the labour market, education, healthcare, and various social welfare and administrative services. 

• Significant distinctions exist between the support provided to BoTP and AIPs. BoTP generally benefit from immediate and unrestricted access to the labour market, unlike AIPs who often face waiting periods. Financial aid for BoTP is frequently more comprehensive and integrated into national social security systems, while AIPs typically receive more basic, temporary assistance. Accommodation arrangements also differ, with BoTP often having more varied housing options or not being housed in dedicated asylum reception facilities, unlike AIPs. 

• Eligibility for accommodation, particularly in reception facilities, is largely dependent on the individual being a beneficiary of temporary protection and demonstrating a lack of sufficient personal resources. Some countries do not accommodate BoTP in standard asylum reception facilities. For example, BE organises accommodation for BoTP at the regional and local level, which differs from the centrally organised accommodation for applicants for international protection managed by Fedasil. Some members do not provide reception facilities for BoTP (CZ, HU). 

• Approaches to financial support for accommodation vary among EMN Member Countries. Some provide direct financial support for private accommodation to BoTP, such as rent subsidies or housing allowances. Others, including BE, primarily offer state-organised accommodation and may subsidise providers (e.g., hoteliers, local authorities, employers) rather than the BoTP directly. In most cases, EMN Member Countries allow BoTP to apply for rental allowance and similar housing benefits under the same conditions as citizens. 

• BoTP typically have comprehensive access to medical care, often on par with national citizens. This care is generally provided free of charge, funded by the state, or managed through national health insurance schemes, often without initial waiting periods. 

• The continuation of state support for BoTP who secure employment varies. While some universal benefits (e.g., child allowances, access to public healthcare) may continue regardless of income, means-tested financial aid (e.g., subsistence allowances, social welfare benefits) is often reduced or ceases once certain income thresholds are met. Several countries require BoTP in state-provided accommodation to contribute financially once they are employed. In some cases, employment may alter the basis of health insurance from state-funded to employer-paid. 

For further details, please read the compilation of answers attached above.