Publication date: 19 March 2026
This ad hoc query inquires about the differences in access to social assistance benefits for refugees, beneficiaries of subsidiary protection and beneficiaries of temporary protection in EMN Member Countries. Additionally, it looks at the reasons given for these differences in access to social assistance benefits and considers whether there are any plans or proposals to introduce further distinctions in access for these groups in the near future.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords: beneficiary of international protection, beneficiary of temporary protection, social assistance, social assistance benefit, social welfare system
Publication date: 12 March 2026
This study examines skills matching for migrants in Belgium as part of a broader European-level analysis conducted within the framework of the EMN. It focuses on how policies and initiatives align migrants’ qualifications and skills with labour market needs. The analysis considers both vertical and horizontal mismatches, where skills or fields of study do not correspond to job requirements. It identifies key challenges, as well as lessons learned and good practices, in supporting sustainable labour market integration through improved skills matching.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Thematic Studies
Keywords: labour market integration, third country national, migrants' skills, matching, mismatch, qualification, language requirement, skills recognition, gender
Publication date: 28 November 2025
This EMN Inform provides an overview of how EMN Member and Observer Countries ensure access to vocational education and training (VET) for beneficiaries of international protection and applicants for international protection. It examines existing procedures, the incentive mechanisms used to encourage enrolment, and the main challenges and good practices identified across countries.
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Main theme: Integration, International Protection
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: labour market integration, vocational education, vocational training, applicant for international protection, beneficiary of international protection
Publication date: 04 November 2025
This Inform offers a comprehensive overview of language and literacy support measures for adult beneficiaries of international protection (BIP) across Europe. It analyses how these measures are designed, implemented and quality-assured, how they address diverse literacy and learning needs, and maps good practices that facilitate integration into education, employment and society.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: beneficiary of international protection, language learning, language course, literacy support
Publication date: 20 October 2025
This ad hoc query explores the tailored measures implemented to enhance the involvement of newly arrived third-country nationals (TCNs) in the host society, in particular, the fields these measures cover, the level at which they take place, whether TCNs who are already more permanently settled can participate, and whether nationals can volunteer to support their implementation. It also examines whether these measures are compulsory for TCNs to validate their integration path, and what the consequences are in the event of non-compliance, notably regarding the right of residence.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords: newly arrived third country national, host society, integration policy, volunteer
Publication date: 27 September 2025
This ad hoc query maps the use of positive and negative incentives to encourage participation of beneficiaries of international protection in civic integration activities or civic integration programmes across EMN Member and Observer Countries.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords: integration programme, integration exam, participation, incentive
Publication date: 26 September 2025
This Inform examines how international protection applicants and accommodation centres are distributed across 23 EMN Member Countries and Serbia, and how such policies are governed and managed. It compares approaches, criteria and mechanisms used by different countries, highlighting both challenges and good practices. The study also looks at how local communities and stakeholders are informed and engaged in the process. Finally, it identifies opportunities for further collaboration to support effective reception and integration.
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Main theme: Integration, Reception
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: distribution, applicant for international protection, reception centre, local community, communication, funding, municipality
Publication date: 01 May 2025
The 2025 SIRIUS Migrant Education Policy Index introduces a novel framework for evaluating inclusive education policies across 15 EU Member States. Structured around seven key dimensions, the Index highlights existing disparities and effective practices in supporting migrant learners. It underscores the urgent need for systemic reforms to ensure equitable and high-quality education for all students, regardless of migration background. The report advocates for a learner-centred approach prioritising structural flexibility, cultural and linguistic inclusion, and coordinated policy interventions.
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Main theme: Integration, Study § Training
Publication Type: Report
Keywords: education policy, Migrant education, migrant student, undocumented student
Publication date: 17 April 2025
This ad hoc query explores how EMN Member and Observer Countries support legally residing migrant children (third-country nationals) in adapting to the cultural environment of primary and secondary schools. It focuses on national measures, including language support, teacher training, targeted initiatives, and the use of specific educational tools. It also examines challenges, good practices, and whether countries monitor migrant children's academic performance.
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Main theme: Integration, Vulnerable groups
Publication Type: Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords: migrant child, school performance, adaptation, language learning
Publication date: 10 April 2025
This ad hoc query, which informed the preparation of an EMN Inform, collected information on how Member and Observer Countries organise vocational education and training (VET) for applicants and beneficiaries of international protection. It covers programme structures, admission conditions, support measures, incentives, obligations, and the recognition of prior skills, as well as good practices and key challenges in delivering VET.
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Main theme: Integration, International Protection
Publication Type: Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords: labour market integration, vocational education, vocational training, applicant for international protection, beneficiary of international protection
Publication date: 20 March 2025
This ad hoc query examines the initiatives in place across EMN Member and Observer Countries to encourage employers to participate in the integration of their employees.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords: foreign workers, language course, civic integration course
Improving the Economic Migration Framework to Attract and Retain Qualified Talent in Flanders (OECD)
Publication date: 01 March 2025
This report provides a diagnosis of the strengths and weaknesses of the Flemish framework for management of economic migration and recommendations for possible areas of reform. The report also presents some of the first empirical analyses of retention and outcomes of economic migrants in Flanders.
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Main theme: Integration, Economic migration
Publication Type: Report
Keywords: talent attraction, talent retention, skilled workers, activation policy, single permit, posted worker, shortage occupation
Publication date: 19 December 2024
This ad hoc query examines the existence of national initiatives across EMN Member and Observer Countries to support parents of allophone children to navigate the schooling system in order to improve their children’s academic success and overall integration in their host society.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords: allophone child, parent, parental involvement, school
Publication date: 04 October 2024
This inform provides information on civic training objectives and requirements for the integration of third-country nationals; identifies the competent authorities and allocation of costs; identifies the content of civic orientation or training courses and how they are implemented (i.e. modalities); and collects best practices of EMN Member and Observer Countries to provide useful insights into improving the implementation of different integration tools.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: civic integration programme, civic training, cost, effectiveness, access to equal opportunities
Publication date: 25 August 2024
This ad hoc query maps integration requirements for third-country nationals prior to the issuance of a residence permit. Where this requirement exists, details are given on the type of requirement, the purposes of stay to which the requirement applies, and whether certain nationalities are exempt from it.
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Main theme: Integration, Migration
Publication Type: Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords: Immigrant integration, language learning
Publication date: 31 July 2024
This joint EMN-OECD inform presents an overview of policies and state-led practices designed to monitor the integration of third-country nationals and compares relevant national legislation in each EMN Member and Observer Country. Drawing on the contributions from 25 EMN Member and Observer Countries, this Inform sheds light on the various dimensions of integration – from education and employment to social inclusion and civic participation.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: monitoring, education, employment, housing, data, survey
Publication date: 24 July 2024
This ad hoc query maps the existence, structure and functioning of immigrant consultative bodies across EMN Member Countries at both national and regional/local levels. Immigrant consultative bodies are a common strategy to encourage the participation of immigrant populations in the democratic process.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords: immigrant consultative body, Immigrant integration
Publication date: 02 June 2024
This ad hoc query seeks to better understand EMN Member and Observer countries’ approaches to language learning by third-country nationals.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords: language learning, civic integration programme
Publication date: 21 May 2024
This Inform, jointly produced by the European Migration Network and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, offers an analysis of employment trends, policy priorities, and measures aimed at facilitating the integration of displaced individuals from Ukraine into host countries' labour markets.
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Main theme: Integration, Temporary protection
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: Temporary Protection Directive, Ukraine, beneficiary of temporary protection, employment, self-employment, employment rate, education, language barrier, skills recognition, labour market integration, recognition of qualifications
Publication date: 05 March 2024
This ad hoc query examines the measures taken by EMN Member and Observer Countries to maintain the mother tongue of students with a migratory background. The query addresses such measures in preschool, primary school, and secondary school, as well as the economic resources and fundings to finance these measures.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords: language learning, cultural diversity, education, Immigrant integration, Council of Europe
Publication date: 29 February 2024
This ad hoc query sheds light on organisations for young people with a migratory background, their involvement in decision-making processes, and the existence of national registers for these organisations.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords: young migrants, Immigrant integration
Publication date: 26 February 2024
This EMN Inform sheds light on the challenges faced by beneficiaries and applicants for international protection in EMN Member Countries and Serbia as they strive to access autonomous housing. It also provides an overview of the different approaches and strategies employed by these countries to support their access to autonomous housing.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: housing, social housing, financial assistance, applicant for international protection, beneficiary of international protection, housing shortage, discrimination
Publication date: 07 November 2023
The Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Latvia is currently looking into supporting activities that provide innovative approaches to promote integration, taking into account the existing experience of libraries implementing projects for inclusive society. This ad hoc query examines the experiences from other EMN Member Countries with libraries implementing activities in the field of integration and social inclusion for third-country nationals.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords: Immigrant integration, library, inclusion, social inclusion
Publication date: 05 October 2023
This study offers a thorough and current examination of the legislation, policies and practices related to the integration of international protection applicants into the job market in EMN Member Countries. It offers an overview of the various stakeholders responsible for implementing labour market accessibility and highlights both the challenges encountered and examples of good practices.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Thematic Studies
Keywords: labour market integration, labour shortages, waiting period, labour market access, discrimination
Publication date: 22 September 2023
As set out in many strategy documents at the EU and OECD levels, there is a growing need to compare integration policies across EU Member States in order to facilitate mutual learning and tackle the lack of evidence on the impact of measures. The objective of this ad hoc query is to provide an overview of different approaches used by the EMN Member and Observer Countries that are designed to monitor and evaluate the integration of third-country nationals. The results of this ad hoc query will form the basis of an upcoming Inform.