Publication date: 12 March 2026
This study examines skills matching for migrants in Belgium as part of a broader European-level analysis conducted within the framework of the EMN. It focuses on how policies and initiatives align migrants’ qualifications and skills with labour market needs. The analysis considers both vertical and horizontal mismatches, where skills or fields of study do not correspond to job requirements. It identifies key challenges, as well as lessons learned and good practices, in supporting sustainable labour market integration through improved skills matching.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Thematic Studies
Keywords: labour market integration, third country national, migrants' skills, matching, mismatch, qualification, language requirement, skills recognition, gender
Publication date: 28 November 2025
This EMN Inform provides an overview of how EMN Member and Observer Countries ensure access to vocational education and training (VET) for beneficiaries of international protection and applicants for international protection. It examines existing procedures, the incentive mechanisms used to encourage enrolment, and the main challenges and good practices identified across countries.
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Main theme: Integration, International Protection
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: labour market integration, vocational education, vocational training, applicant for international protection, beneficiary of international protection
Publication date: 10 April 2025
This ad hoc query, which informed the preparation of an EMN Inform, collected information on how Member and Observer Countries organise vocational education and training (VET) for applicants and beneficiaries of international protection. It covers programme structures, admission conditions, support measures, incentives, obligations, and the recognition of prior skills, as well as good practices and key challenges in delivering VET.
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Main theme: Integration, International Protection
Publication Type: Ad Hoc Queries
Keywords: labour market integration, vocational education, vocational training, applicant for international protection, beneficiary of international protection
Publication date: 14 November 2024
The 2024 edition of International Migration Outlook analyses recent developments in migration movements and the labour market inclusion of immigrants in OECD countries. It also monitors recent policy changes in migration governance and integration in OECD countries. This 48th edition includes one special chapter on migrant entrepreneurship. The Outlook also includes country notes and a detailed statistical annex.
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Main theme: Cross-sectional, Asylum, Migration
Publication Type: Report
Keywords: international migration trend, labour market integration
Publication date: 21 May 2024
This Inform, jointly produced by the European Migration Network and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, offers an analysis of employment trends, policy priorities, and measures aimed at facilitating the integration of displaced individuals from Ukraine into host countries' labour markets.
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Main theme: Integration, Temporary protection
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: Temporary Protection Directive, Ukraine, beneficiary of temporary protection, employment, self-employment, employment rate, education, language barrier, skills recognition, labour market integration, recognition of qualifications
Publication date: 23 October 2023
The 2023 edition of International Migration Outlook analyses recent developments in migration movements and the labour market inclusion of immigrants in OECD countries. It also monitors recent policy changes in migration governance and integration in OECD countries. This edition includes two special chapters on the labour market integration of migrant mothers and on fertility patterns among migrant populations in OECD countries. The Outlook also includes country notes and a detailed statistical annex.
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Main theme: Cross-sectional
Publication Type: Report
Keywords: international migration trend, labour market integration
Publication date: 05 October 2023
This study offers a thorough and current examination of the legislation, policies and practices related to the integration of international protection applicants into the job market in EMN Member Countries. It offers an overview of the various stakeholders responsible for implementing labour market accessibility and highlights both the challenges encountered and examples of good practices.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Thematic Studies
Keywords: labour market integration, labour shortages, waiting period, labour market access, discrimination
Publication date: 15 June 2023
This joint OECD-European Commission publication presents a comprehensive comparison of the integration outcomes of immigrants and their children in OECD, EU and selected other countries. It includes 83 indicators covering three main areas: labour market and skills; living conditions; and civic engagement and social integration. The publication also provides detailed data on the characteristics of immigrant populations and households.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Report
Keywords: labour market integration, living condition, social integration
Publication date: 20 February 2019
This EMN study examines the measures in place in the Member States and Norway to facilitate the integration of third-country nationals on the labour market. The study also identifies good practices from public and private actors.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Thematic Studies
Keywords: labour market, labour market integration
Publication date: 01 March 2017
This report identifies concrete actions that could be taken to better leverage European Union soft law, funding, and knowledge exchange mechanisms to support cities’ activities when it comes to labour market integration.
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Publication date: 01 November 2016
This report considers how integration challenges in Europe differ from, and complicate, existing challenges of fragmentation and social unrest in European countries. It assesses where integration has worked—and where it hasn’t—and analyzes the prognosis for the most recent cohort of newcomers.
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Publication date: 01 October 2016
This MPI report provides an overview of the barriers to the successful labor market integration of refugees and asylum seekers across all skills levels, and analyzes the targeted support initiatives and structural policy levers available to overcome them.
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Main theme: International Protection, Integration
Publication Type: Report
Keywords: labour market integration
Publication date: 03 August 2016
This EMN Inform summarises the main findings of the EMN Study "Integration of beneficiaries of international protection into the labour market in Belgium and in the EU".
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Main theme: Asylum, Integration
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: labour market access, labour market integration, support measures
Publication date: 26 May 2016
This EMN study describes the labour market participation of beneficiaries of international protection and provides an overview of support measures that can facilitate labour market participation.
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Main theme: Integration, Asylum, Migration
Publication Type: Thematic Studies
Keywords: labour market access, labour market integration, support measures
Publication date: 05 May 2015
This Policy Brief from the Institute for European Studies examines whether Belgium’s complex federal state structure can help explain the country’s poor performance regarding labour market participation of people with an immigrant background.
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Publication date: 02 March 2015
As Belgium does not yet have many mentoring projects, the King Baudouin Foundation decided to explore this area while also looking at practices in other countries.
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Main theme: Economic migration
Keywords: mentoring, labour market integration, youth unemployment, highly skilled
Publication date: 19 February 2015
An Analysis of the Labour Market Careers of Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Belgium
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Main theme: Asylum, Integration, Data & Statistics
Publication Type: Study
Keywords: employment, labour market integration
Publication date: 03 December 2014
This flagship publication on migration analyses recent developments in migration movements and policies in OECD countries and selected non-OECD countries.
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Main theme: Migration, Economic migration, Integration
Publication Type: Report
Keywords: economic growth, international migration trend, labour market integration, labour migration
Publication date:
The EU Commission launched a call for proposals under the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF) to finance projects aiming to improve healthcare access for migrants, support migrant women through better labour market integration, enhance digital literacy, create accessible education, ensure the protection of migrant children. The available call budget is EUR 34 million.
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Main theme: Integration
Keywords: asylum and migration fund, access to healthcare, labour market integration, digital literacy, education, migrant child
Publication date:
During a joint webinar, experts from the European Migration Network and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development highlighted the positive trends characterizing the labour market integration of Ukrainians, including employment rates and their progress, main sectors of employment, and most common policies and measures for facilitating labour market integration. They also identified the difficulties and remaining challenges in this domain.
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Publication date:
This webinar will showcase key findings from the new joint EMN-OECD Inform on the "Labour market integration of beneficiaries of temporary protection from Ukraine". These findings will be contextualised by drawing insights from other international organisations and highlighting specific approaches and measures adopted by different host countries.
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Main theme: Integration, Temporary protection
Keywords: labour market integration, beneficiary of temporary protection, Ukraine
Publication date:
As labour and skills shortages have been increasing and are expected to continue rising over the coming decades in all EU Member States, the European Commission published an action plan setting out key measures that the EU, Member States and social partners should take in the short to medium term to address this challenge.
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Main theme: Economic migration
Keywords: labour shortage, skills shortage, social partner, labour market integration, skills development, intra EU mobility, talent partnership
Publication date:
The International Migration Outlook 2023, published today by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), highlights inter alia that permanent-type migration to OECD countries increased by 26% in 2022 compared with 2021. In Belgium and in many OECD countries, permanent-type migration was higher in 2022 than in any of the previous 15 years.
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Main theme: Data & Statistics
Keywords: international migration trend, labour market integration, permanent migration
Publication date:
The European Migration Network (EMN) Glossary is an essential resource, which offers an EU-wide multidisciplinary vocabulary of approximately 500 terms and concepts related to asylum and migration. Let's focus today on the term "access to employment" to make sure we have a common understanding and use of the term!
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Main theme: Integration
Keywords: access to work, access to employment, labour market access, labour market integration
Publication date:
The European Migration Network organizes a webinar to present its recently published study on "Integration of applicants for international protection in the labour market". Limitations, challenges and good practices will be highlighted and discussed.