Publication date: 16 April 2026
This Inform maps national approaches to the safe country of origin (SCO) and safe third country (STC) concepts, in the context of the forthcoming Asylum Procedure Regulation applicable from June 2026. It compares legislation, policies and practices governing the designation and application of SCOs and STCs, including the use of national lists, ad hoc assessments and accelerated asylum procedures. The analysis was prepared on the basis of contributions from 26 EMN Member and Observer Countries.
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Main theme: International Protection
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: safe country of origin, safe third country, list, assessment, accelerated procedure, asylum procedure directive
Publication date: 27 January 2026
This EMN Inform provides an overview of the border procedures currently applied by EMN Member Countries under the Asylum Procedures Directive. It mainly examines the types of procedures, authorities involved, processing times, types of decisions taken, and safeguards for applicants with special needs. The Inform highlights differences in national practices and presents them as they exist prior to the implementation of the mandatory Asylum Border Procedure under the Pact on Migration and Asylum.
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Main theme: International Protection
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: asylum procedure, application for international protection, border, transit zone, security, detention, vulnerable persons
Publication date: 28 November 2025
This EMN Inform provides an overview of how EMN Member and Observer Countries ensure access to vocational education and training (VET) for beneficiaries of international protection and applicants for international protection. It examines existing procedures, the incentive mechanisms used to encourage enrolment, and the main challenges and good practices identified across countries.
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Main theme: Integration, International Protection
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: labour market integration, vocational education, vocational training, applicant for international protection, beneficiary of international protection
Publication date: 06 November 2025
This Inform provides an overview of national policy and legal changes from July 2023 to early 2025 concerning the responsibilities and access to rights of beneficiaries of temporary protection (BoTP) under Directive 2001/55/EC. It maps these changes, provides evidence for decisions on possible financial contributions from BoTP, and offers insights into national strategies after the expiration of temporary protection.
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Main theme: Temporary protection
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: beneficiary of temporary protection, access to rights, employment, housing, education, health care, social assistance, accommodation
Publication date: 04 November 2025
This Inform offers a comprehensive overview of language and literacy support measures for adult beneficiaries of international protection (BIP) across Europe. It analyses how these measures are designed, implemented and quality-assured, how they address diverse literacy and learning needs, and maps good practices that facilitate integration into education, employment and society.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: beneficiary of international protection, language learning, language course, literacy support
Publication date: 26 September 2025
This Inform examines how international protection applicants and accommodation centres are distributed across 23 EMN Member Countries and Serbia, and how such policies are governed and managed. It compares approaches, criteria and mechanisms used by different countries, highlighting both challenges and good practices. The study also looks at how local communities and stakeholders are informed and engaged in the process. Finally, it identifies opportunities for further collaboration to support effective reception and integration.
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Main theme: Integration, Reception
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: distribution, applicant for international protection, reception centre, local community, communication, funding, municipality
Publication date: 13 May 2025
This EMN Inform maps how EMN Member Countries organise their first instance appeals procedures and examine operational changes implemented between 2018 and 2024. It delivers a comprehensive comparative analysis, reflecting on procedural safeguards, key challenges, and good practices observed across the EU.
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Main theme: Vulnerable groups, International Protection
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: right to an effective remedy, asylum procedure, procedure for international protection, first instance, appeal procedure, time limit, suspensive effect, procedural guarantee
Publication date: 11 March 2025
This joint EMN-OECD Inform presents an overview of the different approaches to the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and subsequent adaptation of migration strategies in EMN Member and Observer Countries and non-EU OECD Countries. The Inform also provides some examples of common challenges and good practices in developing and implementing migration strategies.
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Main theme: Cross-sectional, Asylum, Migration
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: migration strategy, design, duration, implementation, dissemination, monitoring, evaluation
Publication date: 27 February 2025
This joint European Migration Network (EMN) – OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) Inform provides an overview of innovative initiatives to attract foreign talent between January 2021 and March 2024 by EMN Member Countries and selected non-EU OECD member countries. It also analyses whether and how EMN Member Countries monitor the effectiveness of these initiatives and identify related challenges and good practices.
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Main theme: Economic migration
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: talent mobility, foreign workers, skill development, talent partnership, talent attraction
Publication date: 20 December 2024
This Inform provides information on current national legislation and practices for the collection and processing of biometric data of third-country nationals in 24 EMN Member Countries and three EMN Observer Countries (Norway, Serbia and Ukraine) in accordance with national and European law requirements.
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Main theme: Cross-sectional, Asylum, Migration
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: biometric data, data collection, processing, age limit, non-discrimination, transfer
Publication date: 15 November 2024
This Inform by the European Migration Network (EMN), in collaboration with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), sheds light on the role of migration diplomacy in fostering international cooperation for effective migration management. It highlights the diplomatic tools, practices, and challenges involved in migration diplomacy across EMN Member and Observer countries with examples from OECD countries.
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Main theme: External Dimension
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: migration diplomacy, migration management, bilateral agreements, partnership
Publication date: 01 November 2024
This inform provides insights into the governance and processes of accommodation for applicants for international protection in EMN Member and Observer Countries. This governance of accommodation is crucial for responding to challenges, such as fluctuating asylum applications, limited housing capacity, and community relations.
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Main theme: Reception
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: reception centre, reception facility, accommodation, applicant for international protection
Publication date: 04 October 2024
This inform provides information on civic training objectives and requirements for the integration of third-country nationals; identifies the competent authorities and allocation of costs; identifies the content of civic orientation or training courses and how they are implemented (i.e. modalities); and collects best practices of EMN Member and Observer Countries to provide useful insights into improving the implementation of different integration tools.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: civic integration programme, civic training, cost, effectiveness, access to equal opportunities
Publication date: 16 September 2024
In collaboration with the Red Cross EU Office and the Swedish Red Cross, this Inform provides an overview of EMN Member and Observer Countries’ guidance and training on early detection and identification of presumed victims of torture or other forms of inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in international protection procedures. It outlines procedural safeguards and guidance for asylum authorities when requesting medico-legal documentation in international protection applications, and it also details practices for identifying victims among beneficiaries of temporary protection to provide medical care, in line with the Temporary Protection Directive.
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Main theme: Vulnerable groups, International Protection, Temporary protection
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: victim, torture, ill-treatment, applicant for international protection, beneficiary of temporary protection, Training, medico-legal documentation, mental health, credibility assessment
Publication date: 12 September 2024
This Inform examines national initiatives in EMN Member Countries and Serbia that implement the migration-development nexus, at strategic and operational/programme level. It highlights initiatives funded and/or implemented through bilateral or multilateral cooperation between these countries and third-country partners, covering activities from 2019 to 2023.
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Publication date: 06 September 2024
This Inform explores good practices and challenges in the coordination between different stakeholders and between different stages of return and reintegration of third-country nationals in EMN Member and Observer Countries. It explains how improved coordination among stakeholders, enhanced institutional frameworks, and effective national strategies can facilitate a consistent and structured approach to return and reintegration across Europe.
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Main theme: Return & Readmission
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: policy coherence, effective return, sustainable return
Publication date: 31 July 2024
This joint EMN-OECD inform presents an overview of policies and state-led practices designed to monitor the integration of third-country nationals and compares relevant national legislation in each EMN Member and Observer Country. Drawing on the contributions from 25 EMN Member and Observer Countries, this Inform sheds light on the various dimensions of integration – from education and employment to social inclusion and civic participation.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: monitoring, education, employment, housing, data, survey
Publication date: 21 May 2024
This Inform, jointly produced by the European Migration Network and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, offers an analysis of employment trends, policy priorities, and measures aimed at facilitating the integration of displaced individuals from Ukraine into host countries' labour markets.
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Main theme: Integration, Temporary protection
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: Temporary Protection Directive, Ukraine, beneficiary of temporary protection, employment, self-employment, employment rate, education, language barrier, skills recognition, labour market integration, recognition of qualifications
Publication date: 19 April 2024
On the 20th Anniversary of the Family Reunification Directive, this Inform offers a thorough examination of family reunification practices and legislation for beneficiaries of international protection across EMN Member and Observer Countries. It specifically looks at the procedures in place for applying for family reunification and how these have evolved considering recent (since 2017) case law before the European Court of Justice (CJEU), and where relevant the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR).
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Main theme: Family reunification
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: Family Reunification Directive, beneficiary of international protection, application for family reunification, documentary proof, real family relationship, minors of age
Publication date: 21 March 2024
This Inform from the European Migration Network (EMN) offers an overview of current practices in EMN Member Countries and two Observer Countries (Georgia, Ukraine) on the digitalisation of identity documents and residence permits issued to third-country nationals. It also compiles views from national authorities on the challenges and advantages of introducing digital-only documents.
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Main theme: Migration
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: identity document, residence permit, digitalisation
Publication date: 26 February 2024
This EMN Inform sheds light on the challenges faced by beneficiaries and applicants for international protection in EMN Member Countries and Serbia as they strive to access autonomous housing. It also provides an overview of the different approaches and strategies employed by these countries to support their access to autonomous housing.
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Main theme: Integration
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: housing, social housing, financial assistance, applicant for international protection, beneficiary of international protection, housing shortage, discrimination
Publication date: 15 June 2023
This inform provides up-to-date and comparative data on resettlement, humanitarian admission and sponsorship schemes. It presents recent developments in EMN Member Countries between 2016 to 2022 and offers a valuable resource for countries launching new programmes to learn from established programmes in other countries.
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Main theme: International Protection
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: resettlement, humanitarian admission, community sponsorship
Publication date: 08 May 2023
As more and more people are affected by climate change, the need to understand and prepare for climate-related migration has increased. This inform aims to complement existing research by providing a broader perspective on how displacement and migration related to disasters, climate change and environmental degradation are being addressed by key national-level initiatives and policies in EMN Member Countries as well as non-EU OECD countries.
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Main theme: External Dimension
Publication Type: Informs
Keywords: climate change, environmental migration
Publication date: 26 April 2023
This EMN Inform updates the 2020 Inform “Statelessness in the EU” and focuses on the implications of statelessness for affected individuals in the EU, Norway and Georgia.
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Publication date: 21 April 2023
Children who migrate with their parents face unique challenges and vulnerabilities. That's why it's crucial that their right to express their views is fully implemented in international protection procedures. This inform provides an overview of how the right of accompanied children to be heard is being implemented in EMN Member Countries and Norway, including good practices, challenges, and lessons learned.