The Index evaluates seven dimensions of migrant education policies: enrolment, language support, curriculum adaptation, teacher training, assessment, school leadership, and stakeholder engagement. Teacher training remains the weakest dimension, highlighting a need for professional development. Countries such as Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, and the Netherlands could further advance through comprehensive, migrant-focused strategies, while Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Slovenia are positioned to institutionalise these efforts via specialised units within education ministries.

Strengthening policy review mechanisms and embedding migrant education in broader integration strategies is essential, particularly for Belgium, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, and Portugal. Consistent funding and improved data collection on migrant student outcomes are vital to supporting effective policymaking. Expanding access for all learners, including undocumented students, enhancing anti-discrimination measures, and providing targeted support—such as free early childhood education, mentoring, interpretation services, and parental engagement—are key opportunities for improvement.

The assessment highlights promising practices in assessing prior learning, with Croatia, Poland, Portugal, and Slovenia leading the way, as well as advancing language support, intercultural competence, and migrant representation in the teaching workforce, notably in Finland, France, and Catalonia (Spain). The arrival of Ukrainian refugees further accelerated policy adaptations in countries like Poland, Lithuania, Ireland, Estonia, and Croatia, while Greece and Portugal have made notable efforts in collaboration with international organisations such as IOM, UNHCR, and UNICEF. Overall, the Index offers a roadmap for evidence-based reforms, sharing good practices and opportunities for policy learning across Europe.

For further details, please read the report attached above.