This report from the Joint Research Centre (JRC), in cooperation with the European Policy Centre and the European University Institute, serves as a comprehensive reference on migration narratives in Europe. It analyses how different stories and frames about migration shape public opinion and influence policies, especially in a context where migration is often politically charged. The report identifies six common frames in mainstream media—solidarity, humanitarian, economic benefit, pragmatic, threat, and crisis—and explains why some narratives resonate more than others, highlighting the role of emotions and pre-existing beliefs in accepting or rejecting information.

The report also explores divisive migration narratives, particularly those promoted by populist leaders on social media. It highlights the “us vs. them” narrative as a dominant theme used to discredit opponents and stoke anti-establishment sentiments, often exploiting fears and anxieties. Such rhetoric can undermine trust in institutions and fuel xenophobia and social division. To illustrate these dynamics, the report includes five case studies on topics like climate migration, populist rhetoric on population replacement, misinformation on Ukraine displacement, and effective communication examples.

Finally, the report offers practical recommendations for EU policymakers and communicators to foster balanced, evidence-based migration narratives. It stresses the importance of EU institutions becoming trusted sources of clear, factual information, building communication that acknowledges public concerns without feeding misconceptions, and coordinating efforts across Member States and institutions. The goal is to create a more informed and less polarized public dialogue about migration, using research and tailored messaging through diverse media channels to improve understanding and counter divisive disinformation.

For further details, please read the abstract and full report.