In July 2025, the Belgian federal government launched targeted internal checks under Article 23 of the Schengen Borders Code. These operations involved the federal and local police, as well as the Immigration Office, conducting inspections on buses, long-distance trains, key roads, and certain flights. The checks aimed to identify individuals without valid residence permits and those who had applied for or received protection in another EU Member State, without reinstating systematic border controls. During the initial six-month period, authorities checked over 25.500 people, identifying 170 travellers without valid documents. Of these, 108 were referred to the Immigration Office for further processing, 23 placed in closed centres, and 12 returned to their countries of origin.

On 1 February 2026, Ministers Van Bossuyt and Quintin confirmed that the internal checks would continue at least until 31 July 2026. The extension aims to maintain pressure on irregular migration routes and secondary movements, while increasing the authorities’ capacity to dismantle smuggling networks and tackle associated criminal activities, including drug trafficking. Authorities note that the targeted checks are intended as a deterrent, restricting the movement of individuals without legal residence and ensuring systematic verification of residence status continues.

Reactions to the extension have been mixed, echoing debates from the initial implementation in summer 2025. Supporters emphasise the preventive effect and the authorities’ capacity to tackle smuggling networks, while critics question the overall impact on irregular migration flows and suggest the operations may be largely symbolic.

For further information, please read this press release in English, this press release in Dutch and this press release in French.